What is cyber security?
The practice of protecting computer systems, networks, programs and data from digital attacks and risks is called cyber security.
What is the main goal of cyber security?
The main goal of cyber security is to protect digital systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, theft, or damage.
What does the CIA triangle stand for?
The CIA triangle or triad stands for Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability.
What is phishing?
Phishing is a type of cyberattack where criminals impersonate legitimate organizations to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information like passwords, credit card details, or financial account logins.
What is ransomware?
Ransomware is a type of malware that infects computers and denies access to data until a ransom is paid.
What is malware?
Malware is any malicious software designed to harm, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.
What is identity theft?
Identity theft is the criminal act of stealing and using an individual's personal information, like their Social Security number, bank account details, or passwords, to commit fraud or other crimes for financial gain.
What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication?
The purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA) is to add an extra layer of security to an account or system, making it much harder for unauthorized users to gain access even if they have stolen your password.
What is cyberbullying?
Cyberbullying is the use of digital technology, such as social media, messaging, or gaming platforms, to intentionally harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person.
What is the role of encryption in cyber security?
The role of encryption in cyber security is to ensure confidentiality by making data useless to unauthorized individuals, even if they gain access to it.
What is VPN used for?
VPN is used for protecting a user's online identity and data by creating a secure, encrypted connection to another network over the internet.
What is digital citizenship?
Digital citizenship is the responsible and respectful use of technology to engage online, find reliable sources, and protect and promote human rights.
What is digital footprint?
Digital footprints are the records and traces of an individual's activities as they use the Internet.
What is an active and passive digital footprint?
An active digital footprint is created when a person intentionally shares information online. A passive digital footprint is formed by data that is collected without the user's direct, conscious input.
What is the purpose of private browsing?
The purpose of private browsing is to prevent the browser from saving a user's local browsing history, cookies, and form data.
Short Answer Questions (2 marks)
Explain the importance of the CIA triangle in cyber security.
CIA triangle stands for Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. The importance of the CIA triangle in cyber security:
It helps protect data from unauthorized access (Confidentiality).
It ensures data remains accurate and available when needed (Integrity and Availability).
Describe the different types of cyber crime and their impact.(read any two for exam)
Cybercrime is any criminal activity that involves a computer, network, or a networked device. Common types include:
Malware: Malicious software such as viruses, worms, and Trojans designed to disrupt or gain unauthorized access to computer systems. It can steal, damage, or erase data, cause system downtime, and compromise user privacy.
Ransomware: A type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment for their release. It can cause huge financial losses, prolonged operational disruption, and even lead to the theft or public release of sensitive information.
Phishing and Social Engineering: Scams that use deception to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information such as passwords or bank details. Victims may face identity theft, financial fraud, or malware infections.
Identity Theft: The fraudulent use of another person's personal information to commit crimes. It can result in financial loss, damage to the victim's credit, and severe emotional distress.
What measures can individuals take to protect themselves from cyber threats?
Use strong and unique passwords and change them regularly.
Install antivirus software and avoid suspicious links or attachments.
Explain the concept of ransomware and how it affects individuals and organizations.
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands a ransom payment for their release. It causes data loss, financial damage, and disruption of work in individuals and organizations.
How does phishing work, and what steps can be taken to avoid falling victim to it?
Phishing is a cybercrime where attackers trick people into revealing personal information such as passwords, credit card numbers, or bank details. They often send fake emails or messages that look like they are from trusted organizations.
Steps to avoid phishing:
Check the sender's email address and website URL carefully.
Never click suspicious links or share personal information online.
Describe the impact of cyberbullying on individuals and the measures that can be taken to prevent it.
Cyberbullying causes emotional distress, fear, and depression in victims. It can harm a person's confidence and mental health, especially among teenagers.
Measures to prevent cyberbullying:
Report and block online bullies immediately.
Think before posting or replying to hurtful messages.
Describe the roles of antivirus software in protecting your devices and data.
Antivirus software protects computers and mobile devices from malicious programs such as viruses, worms, and spyware. It scans files, detects harmful code, and removes threats before they can cause damage.
Roles of antivirus software:
Scans and removes harmful files or malware.
Provides real-time protection and warns about unsafe websites.
Discuss the principles of digital citizenship and their significance in the digital age.
The principles of digital citizenship are respect, educate and protect.
Respect others and protect your personal information online.
Follow digital laws and behave responsibly on the internet.
Explain the concept of netiquette and its importance in online communication.
Netiquette refers to the set of rules and guidelines for respectful and appropriate online communication.
Encourages polite and respectful online communication.
Prevents misunderstandings and builds a good reputation.
Describe safe web browsing techniques and their importance in protecting your online activities.
Safe web browsing means using the internet carefully to protect your personal data and devices.
Visit only secure (HTTPS) websites and avoid unknown pop-ups.
Keep your browser and antivirus software updated.
Explain the concept of a digital footprint and how it can affect your online reputation.
Digital footprints are the records and traces of an individual's activities as they use the Internet. This includes posts, photos, comments, and other activities shared on social media and other platforms.
Effects on online reputation:
A positive footprint builds trust and credibility.
A negative footprint can harm your future opportunities.
Discuss the importance of staying informed about the latest cyber threats and using best security practices.
Update your software regularly and use strong passwords.
Stay aware of new scams and avoid suspicious links or attachments.
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