Operating System Note Cass 8

 

Page no. 83

Operating System (OS)

6) Write very short answers of the following questions.

a.      Is UNIX a single-user operating system?
No, UNIX is not a single-user operating system. It is multi-user operating system.

b.     How can you perform warm booting?
Warm booting can be performed by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Delete.

c.      Which file of MS-DOS contains all internal commands?
The COMMAND.COM file contains the internal commands of MS-DOS.

d.     Which wildcard symbol indicates a single character?
The question mark (?) wildcard symbol indicates a single character.

e.      Write one example of GUI operating system beside Windows.
macOS is an example of a GUI operating system.

f.      Which command is used to modify DOS text file?
The EDIT command is used to modify DOS text file.

g.     When was Windows 11 released for general availability?
Windows 11 was released for general availability on October 5, 2021.

7) Write short answers to the following questions:

a.     What is an operating system? Write any two examples.

An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages the computer's hardware and software resources and provides an interface between the user and the computer.
Examples: Windows and Linux

b.     What are the basic functions of an operating system? List any four.
The basic functions of an operating system are:
i) Input/output management
ii) File and folder management
iii) Memory management
iv) Run application programs

c.      What is a single-user operating system? Write two examples.
A single-user operating system is an operating system designed to allow one user to use the computer at a time.
Examples: MS-DOS and Windows 95.

d.     What is MS-DOS? Write its two features.
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is a command-line operating system developed by Microsoft for personal computers. Its two features are:
i) It is single user and CUI based operating system.
ii) It manages files and folders in hierarchical order.

e.      What is booting? Mention the types of booting.
Booting is the process of loading system files from disk into computer's memory when the computer is started or restarted. The types of booting are:
i) Cold booting
ii) Warm booting

f.      What are wildcards? Write some wildcard characters.
Wildcards are special symbols that can be used to represent any other character or characters in command statement. Some wildcard characters are:

·       *

·       ?

·       *.*

·       :

·       /

8) Write long answers to the following questions:

a.     Explain the types of operating system based on the number of users they support.
Based on the number of users they support, operating systems can mainly be classified into single-user and multi-user operating systems.

i) Single-User Operating System
A single-user operating system is an operating system that allows only one user to use the computer system at a time. It is generally designed for personal computers where resources are used by a single person. Examples: MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, etc.
Features:

• Supports one user at a time.
• Simple to operate and manage.
• Requires fewer system resources.
• Suitable for personal computers and small tasks.

ii) Multi-User Operating System
A multi-user operating system is an operating system that allows multiple users to use the computer system at the same time. It manages the resources so that different users can work independently. Examples: UNIX, Linux, Windows Server, etc.
Features:

• Supports multiple users.
• Provides user accounts and permissions.
• Efficiently shares system resources.
• Provides better security and resource management.

b.     Why are GUI operating systems more popular than CUI operating systems these days? Discuss.
GUI operating systems are more popular than CUI operating systems because of the following reasons:
i) Easy to use:
GUI operating systems are easy to learn and operate because users can use icons, menus, and buttons.
ii) No need to remember commands:
Users do not need to memorize complex commands as they can select options visually.
iii) User-friendly interface:
GUI provides a simple, attractive, and interactive environment, making it suitable for beginners.
iv) Easy file management:
Files and folders can be easily created, copied, moved, renamed, and deleted using graphical tools.
v) Multitasking:
GUI makes it easy to run and switch between multiple applications and windows at the same time.
vi) Multimedia support:
GUI operating systems provide convenient support for images, audio, videos, animations, and other multimedia applications.

c.      What is Windows operating system? Compare the different versions of Windows operating system after 2003.
Windows operating system is the popular and widely used GUI (Graphical User Interface) based operating system developed by Microsoft corporation.
The different versions of Windows operating system after 2003 are compared below.

Windows Version	Release Year	Major Features / Improvements
Windows Vista	2006	Introduced Aero interface, better security, and improved search.
Windows 7	2009	Faster and more stable, improved taskbar, and better hardware support.
Windows 8	2012	Introduced a new Start screen, touch support, and Windows Store.
Windows 8.1	2013	Improved Windows 8 and provided a more familiar Start button.
Windows 10	2015	Improved Start menu, introduced Microsoft Edge, virtual desktops, and better security.
Windows 11	2021	New interface, centered Start menu, Snap Layouts, and improved security.